El suceso conmocionó a España en la tarde de ayer. Dos bomberos perdieron la vida en el incendio que se declaró en el aparcamiento de un edificio de Alcorcón (Madrid) y otros cinco resultaron heridos, uno de ellos grave por quemaduras.
El escenario se convirtió en una trampa mortal para los bomberos por varias circunstancias fatales. Pero la principal fue la causa del origen del fuego: el incendio y la explosión de un coche eléctrico.
Choque, incendio y explosión
Aunque hasta esta misma mañana la policía no ha podido acceder al lugar del suceso para investigar sobre el terreno las causas del suceso, los testimonios de los vecinos del inmueble hablan del choque de un vehículo eléctrico en el interior del aparcamiento que provocó el incendio primero y la posterior explosión de su batería, generando el infierno que provocó la muerte de los bomberos.
El proceso de incendio de un coche eléctrico suele empezar por una fuga térmica en las celdas, que podría deberse, como en este incidente concreto, a un accidente (aunque también a daños en el interior de la propia batería). Cuando eso sucede se produce una reacción química que generan un aumento de temperatura en el interior que provoca que la celda se rompa y libere gases inflamables, que después se traslada al resto de células.
Fuegos eléctricos: causas y peligros
Aunque los coches eléctricos no almacenan combustible como es el caso de los térmicos, pero eso no significa que estén exentos de riesgo de incendio y/o explosión. Porque las baterías acumulan gran cantidad de energía en su interior que puede si suceden episodios de perforación, aplastamiento, deformación o sobrecarga.
Las baterías de los coches eléctricos son sensibles a las altas temperaturas y ya a partir de los 60 grados existe riesgo de deformación y de fuga de gases. Además, partir de aquí se puede desencadenar ese proceso de escape térmico que acabe incendiando los componentes y las celdas de la batería.
El problema es que los incendios eléctricos son especialmente peligrosos, violentos y duraderos por la enorme cantidad de energía que se libera cuando una batería se quema o explota. Si una pila se incendia puede llegar alcanzar los 1.000 grados y en ese proceso emite una gran variedad de gases tóxicos, entre ellos el dióxido de carbono, pero también el ácido clorhídrico, el monóxido de carbono y el óxido de nitrógeno.
Además, su extinción es muy laboriosa y prolongada en el tiempo (los incendios eléctricos duran horas) y requiere de protocolos especiales que incluyen la vigilancia del vehículo quemado durante las siguientes 24 horas a la extinción porque durante ese tiempo aún existe riesgo de que se reproduzca el incendio.
Menos incendios que los térmicos
La espectaculariad y la gravedad que conllevan los incendios de los coches eléctricos no significa que se vean envueltos en más episodios de ese tipo que los coches térmicos. Solamente que, cuando suceden, pueden tener graves conscuencias.
De hecho, los vehículos eléctricos son los menos propensos a incendiarse según estudios de aseguradoras internacionales, cuyo ranking lideran los híbridos, seguidos de los de gasolina. Los coches eléctricos y sus baterías cuentan con sistema de refrigeración, materiales y sistemas de seguridad específicos para poder limitar los riesgos… pero el riesgo cero no existe.
This news was originally published on this post .
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