el deporte, una de las grandes industrias mundiales y, como prácticamente todas, está muy vinculada al comercio internacional y los flujos globales de la economía, se ha visto muy afectado por los aranceles a las importaciones a Estados Unidos que ha impuesto en las últimas horas al presidente Donald Trump. Empresas fabricantes de vestimentas y material como Adidas, Puma y Nike han sufrido fuertes bajas en su cotización en bolsa. Como se sabe estas empresas, europeas las primeras y estadounidense la tercera, realizan buena parte de su producción en Asia, en países que han sido fuertemente penalizados por la política proteccionista del presidente. Nike realiza en torno a 550% de su producción en Asia y Adidas el 40%.
En las últimas horas el valor en bolsa de Adidas en la bolsa de Frankfurt ha caído un 10,3% y el de Puma un 10,6%. La de Nike llegó al 7% en la bolsa de Nueva York. En cuanto a los países asiáticos en los que se realiza la producción, las importaciones procedentes de Camboya han sido gravadas con un 49%, las Vietnam el 46%, las de Tailandia el 36%, las de China el 34%, y las de Indonesia y Taiwan, el 32%. Parte incluso de la producción que se hacía en China se estaba trasladando a Vietnam.
La impresión en círculos económicos es que la política proteccionista de Trump tiene dos objetivos: uno, conseguir dinero para que el estado pueda ofrecer una bajada de impuestos. Otra, conseguir que Estados Unidos capte producción industrial. Sin embargo la consecuencia inmediata más previsible es una alta inflación en los Estados Unidos dado que no existe posibilidad de trasladar cadenas de producción más que en un plazo sumamente largo por la complejidad de cadenas productivas y logísticas. Eso en caso de las empresas decidieran aceptar esta opción.
Estas consecuencias no son las únicas implicaciones para la industria del deporte dado que es una de las más globalizadas y en la que confluyen muchos elementos de producción ‘primaria’, de la alimentaria a la tecnológica. Habrá que esperar para calibrar el impacto a largo plazo.
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