O futebol moderno tem um problema de saúde mental

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O futebol moderno tem um problema de saúde mental. E não estou me referindo à constante pressão sobre os jogadores, que os sujeita a uma variedade de distúrbios. É o jogo mesmo que sofre de ansiedade, como um dia só de clubes europeus na Copa do Mundo deixou evidente.

Desde a revolução tática promovida por Pep Guardiola e a principal resposta a ela, por Jurgen Klopp, o futebol deixou definitivamente de ser jogado no ritmo da vida — um time ataca, o outro defende; se quem está no ataque perde a bola, volta para a defesa e espera o ciclo recomeçar. Na Copa do Mundo, Guardiola resolveu ir mais longe e experimentar um modelo com dez jogadores dentro da área do adversário. Quando deu errado, resultou na imagem mais marcante da competição: todos correndo atrás de Malcom, que arrancava livre para marcar o gol da virada do Al Hilal.

Mas talvez a melhor representação do futebol ansioso seja a linha de quatro atacantes do Bayern de Munique à frente da área do Flamengo, esperando a bola entrar em jogo para roubá-la. O que antes era o momento de os defensores respirarem e de os torcedores se sentarem um pouco depois de uma jogada promissora se transformou na hora do pânico. “Oh, não! Ganhamos um tiro de meta!”, alguém já deve ter gritado na arquibancada, no lugar de “Oh, não! Cedemos um escanteio!”

Essa análise contém saudosismo, mas não parte do princípio de que o futebol já foi puro. Como outros esportes, o mais popular do mundo nasceu capitalista, praticado pelos funcionários das fábricas inglesas em seus dias de folga e pelos filhos das elites nos intervalos das aulas de Cambridge e Oxford. Era natural que adotasse os métodos de produtividade que surgiram após a Revolução Industrial — o fordismo, por exemplo, mesmo tendo nascido nos Estados Unidos, é uma boa analogia para as linhas de montagem que clubes e seleções da Europa desenvolveram ao longo do século XX.

Gerson e Arrascaeta pelo Flamengo, contra o Bayern — Foto: Gilvan de Souza/Flamengo
Gerson e Arrascaeta pelo Flamengo, contra o Bayern — Foto: Gilvan de Souza/Flamengo

Seria injusto dizer que o futebol mudou pouco até a virada do milênio. A Hungria de 54, o Brasil de 58 e 70, a Holanda de 74 foram as faces mais visíveis das mudanças propostas ao jogo, que além das ideias táticas sofreu influência dos avanços na preparação física, na análise estatística e outras áreas da ciência do esporte. Mas a revolução do capitalismo tardio foi a que mais mexeu em sua essência. O que se vê em campo, hoje, são características do que o filósofo sul-coreano Byung-Chul Han chama de sociedade do desempenho: em vez de submeter às normas e restrições de uma comunidade, cada cidadão — e, por extensão, cada jogador — é motivado a se ver como um empreendedor, responsável por seus próprios resultados.

Parece contraditório, até porque a principal crítica ao futebol moderno é que os treinadores transformaram seus comandados em bonequinhos de playstation, sujeitos às funções rígidas do jogo posicional. Mas o ponto aqui é que cada peça deve apresentar o máximo de seu rendimento — tático, técnico, físico — em todas as fases do jogo. Uma das principais exigências defensivas do futebol moderno tem nome de doença: pressão alta. É preciso atacar o espaço antes de atacar a bola. Não se pode mais dar tempo ao tempo, e o resultado pode ser definido por outro conceito de Han: a sociedade do cansaço.

O futebol de hoje é exaustivo para quem joga e para quem vê. Entendo que dá resultado, e quem sou eu para dizer que deve mudar. Mas vejo em campo a ansiedade dos nossos dias.

This news was originally published on this post .

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