Qué es la neumonía, la infección por la que ha muerto Val Kilmer: factores de riesgo y mortalidad

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Val Kilmer, actor norteamericano protagonista en algunas de las cintas más destacadas de las tres últimas décadas, ha fallecido a los 65 años. Un deceso que ha sido anunciado por su hija, Mercedes Kilmer, a través del diario The New York Times. El intérprete, reconocido por sus papeles en ‘Batman’ o ‘Top Gun’, ha muerto como consecuencia de una neumonía.

¿Qué es una neumonía?

La neumonía es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta a los pulmones, principalmente a los alvéolos, que son los sacos de aire. Estos se llenan de líquido o pus y las consecuencias pueden ser tan graves como la muerte. Entre los síntomas habituales de los pacientes de esta infección, se incluyen la tos con o sin moco, dolor torácico, fiebre, escalofríos y dificultad al respirar.

Val Kilmer.

Val Kilmer.EFE

La sintomatología es variable, ya que está relacionada con el tipo de germen que provoque la neumonía. El tratamiento, siempre con la recomendación médica, se realiza con medicamentos antibióticos, antivirales o antimicóticos. Si el asunto empeora, la medicación tiene que administrarse vía intravenosa y oxigenoterapia.

Factores de riesgo y mortalidad de la neumonía

Entre los factores de riesgo, una enfermedad pulmonar crónica como la bronquiectasia o la fibrosis quística aumentan las posibilidades de tener una neumonía. Asimismo, otros problemas del sistema inmunitario, como un tratamiento para el cáncer o los meses posteriores a un trasplante de órganos, también aumentan las probabilidades de pasar por esta enfermedad.

Otros casos como las cirugías para tratar el cáncer de la boca, la garganta o el cuello, enfermedades cardiacas, diabetes o cirrosis hepática y la demencia o lesiones cerebrales. Esta enfermedad afecta a las personas fumadoras, que pueden verse perjudicadas con algunas de las patologías mencionadas.

La neumonía es la sexta causa de muerte en los países desarrollados y la primera por enfermedad infecciosa. Hay entre siete y 15 casos por cada 1.000 personas al año, de las cuales entre dos y cinco son adultos. 

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